Bidental consonant
| Places of articulation |
|---|
| Labial |
| Bilabial |
| Labial–velar |
| Labial–coronal |
| Labiodental |
| Dentolabial |
| Bidental |
| Coronal |
| Linguolabial |
| Interdental |
| Dental |
| Denti-alveolar |
| Alveolar |
| Postalveolar |
| Palato-alveolar |
| Alveolo-palatal |
| Retroflex |
| Dorsal |
| Palatal |
| Labial–palatal |
| Velar |
| Uvular |
| Uvular–epiglottal |
| Radical |
| Pharyngeal |
| Epiglotto-pharyngeal |
| Epiglottal |
| Glottal |
| Tongue shape |
| Apical |
| Laminal |
| Subapical |
| Lateral |
| Sulcal |
| Palatal |
| Pharyngeal |
| See also: Manner of articulation |
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| |
Bidental consonants are consonants pronounced with both the lower and upper teeth. They are normally found only in speech pathology. The Extensions to the IPA symbol is both a superscript and a subscript bridge, [ ̪͆].
Besides interdental consonants such as [n̪͆], which involve the tongue, there is at least one confirmed attestation of a true bidental consonant in normal language. The Black Sea sub-dialect of the Shapsug dialect of Adyghe has a voiceless bidental non-sibilant fricative where other dialects have [x], such as xə "six" and daxə "pretty". Therefore it might best be transcribed phonemically as /x̪͆/. However, there is no frication at the velum. The teeth themselves are the only constriction: "The lips [are] fully open, the teeth clenched and the tongue flat, the air passing between the teeth; the sound is intermediate between [ʃ] and [f]" (L&M 1996:144-145). This can be transcribed phonetically as [h̪͆], since [h] has no place of articulation of its own.
References
- Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.
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