Glipizide
 | |
|---|---|
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| N-(4-[N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl]phenethyl)-5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxamide | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 29094-61-9 |
| ATC code | A10BB07 |
| PubChem | CID 3478 |
| DrugBank | APRD00436 |
| ChemSpider | 3359 |
| UNII | X7WDT95N5C |
| KEGG | D00335 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1073 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C21H27N5O4S |
| Mol. mass | 445.536 g/mol |
| SMILES | eMolecules & PubChem |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 100% (regular formulation) 90% (extended release) |
| Protein binding | 98 to 99% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic hydroxylation |
| Half-life | 2 to 5 hours |
| Excretion | Renal and fecal |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. | C (Au, U.S.) |
| Legal status | POM (UK), ℞-only (U.S.) |
| Routes | Oral |
 (what is this?) (verify) | |
Glipizide is an oral medium-to-long acting anti-diabetic drug from the sulfonylurea class. It is classified as a second generation sulfonylurea, which means that it undergoes enterohepatic circulation. The structure on the R2 group is a much larger cyclo or aromatic group compared to the 1st generation sulfonylureas. This leads to a once a day dosing that is much less than the first generation, about 100 fold.
Mechanism of action is produced by blocking potassium channels in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. By partially blocking the potassium channels, it will increase the time the cell spends in the calcium release stage of cell signaling leading to an increase in calcium. The increase in calcium will initiate more insulin release from each beta cell.
Originally available in 1984, it is marketed by Pfizer under the brand name Glucotrol in the USA, where Pfizer sells Glucotrol in doses of 5 and 10 milligrams and Glucotrol XL (an extended release form of glipizide) in doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 milligrams. Other companies also market glipizide, most commonly extended release tablets of 5 and 10 milligrams.
External links
- Glucotrol XL Full U.S. Prescribing Information. Accessed on July 26, 2005.
Retrieved from : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glipizide
